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Learning game development/Gamification

Seven Steps of Gamification

STEP 1

Choose a primary emotion

STEP 2

Set a gamification goal

STEP 3

Choose a genre

(Genre directs the choice of gameplay & interaction)

STEP 4(double-directed arrow between STEP 5)

Set the gameplay

• Goal
• Rules
• Challenge
• Feedback

STEP 5

Set interaction model & social interaction mode

STEP 6(all pointed by STEP 4 & 5)

Choose a game space

STEP 7

Develop a game story

Step 1: Choose a primary emotion

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

• Happy
• Angry
• Sad
• Feared
• Disgust
• Surprised

Primary Emotions vs Social Emotions<-Left the first

STEP 2: Set a gamification goal

Nicole Lazzaro on the Four Keys to Fun in Virtual Reality

Bartle taxonomy of player types

With reference to the primary emotion you set, develop a gamification goal for each type of player to have fun through your gamification practice.

TYPES OF PLAYER	TYPES OF FUN
	Serious Fun: Provide meaning & value	Hard Fun: Master knowledge & challenge	Easy Fun: Drive creativity & imagination	People Fun: Build social bonding
Fighter(Acting-Players)	$\times$
Achiever(Acting-Game World)	$\sqrt{}$
Socializer(Interacting-Players)

STEP 3: Choose a genre

Choose a game genre that suits your game platform(s).

PLATFORM	GENRE
	Action	Adventure	Exploration	Puzzle	RPG	Simulation	Sports	Strategy
Physical world
Tabletop
Quiz/Trivia
Arcade
Console
Mobile
Online
PC
AR/VR
Alternate Reality
Hologram

Step 4a: Set the gameplay

With reference to the genre you set, choose at least one suitable game challenge.

CHALLENGES	Upon the completion of the GBL, players should be able to…
Memory	Recall things they have seen or heard in the game.
Knowledge	Apply knowledge on factual information.
Conceptual Reasoning	Solve problems using reasoning skills and extrinsic knowledge in specific subject matter.
Formal Logic	Apply strategic thinking in any turn-based games.
Lateral Thinking	Solve problems using twisted reasoning skills, i.e. thinking without the box.
Economic	Accumulate resources, achieve balance in economy, or caring for living things.
Conflict	Beat others by opposing them directly through strategy, tactics, logistics or stealth.
Physical Coordination	Apply physical ability, most commonly hand-eye coordination.
Time Pressure	Accomplish something before someone else does.
Exploration	Use spatial awareness when moving into new areas, seeing new things and overcoming obstacles.
Pattern Recognition	Spot visible or audible patterns / patterns of change and behavior.

Step 4b: Set the gameplay

Set a game goal, rules and feedback for each challenge you chose.

LEARNING

Intended LO

• Observable behavior
• Degree of attainment
• Conditions of attainment

GAME PLAYING

Gamified Learning

Step 4c: Set the gameplay

Set one rule for each function that meets criteria of good game rules.

Rules	Functions of rules	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5	C6
R1.	Describe what players must do in order to achieve the game goal
R2.	Describe what players cannot do when trying to achieve the game goal
R3.	Describe how a play session starts in the game
R4.	Describe how a play session ends in the game
R5.	Describe what conditions make players win or lose the game.

Criteria of good game rules:

C1: Rules limit player action.

C2: Rules are explicit and unambiguous.

C3: Rules are shared by all players. (In multiplayer games)

C4: Rules are fixed. (Do not change as a game is played)

C5: Rules are binding. (Meant to be followed)

C6: Rules are repeatable. (From game to game & on different sets of players)

Step 4d: Set the gameplay

Feedback design flowchart

	START
	$\downarrow$
List of needed information to play	$\leftarrow$(output)Players’ needs vs players’ wants(output)$\rightarrow$	List of wanted info to play
$\downarrow$(design learning contents)	$\downarrow$(design diagnostic feedback)	$\downarrow$(design game features)
Formative instructional feedback	$\leftarrow$(yes)Tutorial Level?(no)$\rightarrow$	Formative reinforcement feedback
Choose symbols or numeric→	Game over?$\uparrow$(no)	$\leftarrow$Choose rewards or judgement
	$\downarrow$(design summative back)
Debriefing / Individual reflection / Group discussion	$\leftarrow$(no)In-game?(yes)→	Reward of glory / Hall of fame / Achievement summary
	$\downarrow$
	END

Step 5: Set the interaction

Set the interaction model and social interaction mode

INTERACTION MODELS	SOCIAL INTERACTION MODES
	Avatar-based	Multi-present	Party-based	Contestant-based	Desktop
Single-player: Me vs the situation
Two-player competitive: You vs me
Multiplayer competitive: Everyone for himself / herself
Paired or team-based

Step 6a: Choose a game space

Procedure of game space design

1. List all assets in the game
2. Set the priority of presenting each asset
3. Choose an appropriate game space
4. Build the space

Step 6b: Choose a game space

Flowchart of game space design

Start	$\to$	Physical space?(yes) $\rightarrow$	Design physical space
		$\downarrow$(no)
		Zero dimension?	Design zero dimension space
		$\downarrow$(no)
		Linear?(yes) $\rightarrow$	Design virtual linear space
		$\downarrow$(no)
		Nested?(yes)
		$\downarrow$(no)

Step 7: Develop a game story

ACT 1: Set Up	ACT 2: Confrontation	ACT 3: Resolution
Catalyst	1st Turning Point	Final Confrontation
	2nd Turning Point	Final Resolution
	3rd Turning Point
	Climax